Travelling in Different Skins - Gender Identity in European Women's Oriental Travelogues, 1850-1950

Dúnlaith Bird argues that vagabondage - a physical and textual elaboration of gender identity in motion - emerges as a totemic concept in European women's travel writing from 1850. For Olympe Audouard, Isabella Bird, Isabelle Eberhardt, and Freya Stark vagabondage is a means of extending the parameters by which 'women' are defined.