The thalassemia syndrome is a group of inherited disorders characterized by microcytic hypochromic red blood cells.The homozygous state, thalassemia major results in severe anemia. The heterozygous state, thalassemia minor is less severe and may be asymptomatic with little or no anemia.In BTM, iron overload is the joint outcome of multiple blood transfusions and an inappropriately increased iron absorption associated with ineffective erythropoiesis, the outpouring of catabolic iron that exceeds the iron-carrying capacity of transferrin results in the emergence of NTBI, which catalyzes the formation of free radicals, resulting in OS and damage to mitochondria, lysosomes, lipid membranes, proteins, and DNA, Thus, thalassemics are in a state of enhanced OS.This study was a prospective case-control study and conducted on ninety children aged from 3 years to 18 years (40 male and 50 females), they were selected from the outpatient Pediatric clinic and the inpatients of Pediatric department of Al- Zahraa University hospitals during the period from oct. 2014 to oct. 2016.
