This open access book comprehensively explores woody plant in vitro cloning, starting with recalcitrance and examining epigenetic and chemical solutions to improve meristem regeneration. It then covers advanced diagnostics, sanitation, and germplasm conservation, emphasizing the elimination of pathogens and long-term storage. Subsequent sections concentrate on scaling up and automation through somatic embryogenesis, temporary immersion systems, and robotics for low-cost production. The text also critically examines technological risks, public acceptance, and legislative frameworks for the application of massive plant cloning. Finally, it addresses commercialization, capacity building, and future directions, aiming to connect scientific innovation with economic viability and global collaboration in this vital field. The book also serves as a valuable educational resource, suitable as supplementary literature across all levels of higher education, including Bachelor's, Master's, and PhD programs in Plant Tissue Culture and Plant Biotechnology, while also supporting researchers, professionals, and stakeholders in advancing scientific and applied aspects of the field. It contributes to the modernization of academic curricula and aligns with broader European Higher Education Area (EHEA) objectives by contributing to the harmonization of knowledge and competencies in this field.
