Immunomodulators Part B

Immunomodulators Part B brings together a curated set of research-focused chapters that explore how the immune system is influenced by microbes, immune checkpoint molecules, genetic regulation, and emerging therapeutic strategies. It covers the role of the microbiome and microbial products in shaping immune responses relevant to gastrointestinal cancers, examines VISTA as a “double-edged” checkpoint in cancer and autoimmunity, and uses bioinformatics to uncover immune-modulatory patterns in HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and bladder cancer.