This book embodies an interdisciplinary merger of cutting-edge techniques (multiple-fluid electrospinning), advanced architectures (core–sheath, Janus, and their combinations), and broad applications in drug delivery. The 11 chapters progress from simple processes and structures to increasingly sophisticated ones. After a concise introduction to the relevant concepts, the book successively reviews electrospun-nanofiber-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) prepared from single-fluid blending, coaxial, side-by-side, and triaxial electrospinning; tri-layer Janus nanofibers; core–sheath/Janus hybrids; beads-on-string structures; layer-by-layer fibrous mats; and composites that couple nanofibers with products derived from other techniques. For the first time, systematic links between these complex electrospun nanostructures and their DDS performances are drawn. A series of novel tri-chamber nanostructures is also examined. In addition, the book offers concrete recommendations for accelerating the industrial translation of nano-DDSs and discusses future societal-level collaborations that could drive the field forward.