The Myth of Opportunity - Music, Labor, and Platforms in the Twenty-First Century

Justin Bieber launched his music career on YouTube in 2007, Lil Nas X's "Old Town Road" exploded on TikTok in 2019, and Oliver Anthony's "Rich Men North of Richmond" soared to the top of the Billboard charts just two weeks after its YouTube debut in 2023. These viral successes inspire countless artists to upload music online, fueled by the promise that technology can democratize opportunity, but does this promise hold true? Manufacturing Hope: Music, Platforms, and the Promise of Opportunity critically examines the myth of technology as a great equalizer in the music industry. While platforms like Spotify claim to empower artists, the reality is that rewards remain highly unequal. Through macroeconomic analysis and time series methodology, this book investigates how streaming services have reshaped opportunity from a labor perspective across professions, industries, and regions, offering a comprehensive, empirical view on the true impact of digital platforms on cultural production with a focus on music.