This book focuses on international influences and global factors that surrounded Ben Alis regime breakdown and the democratization process in Tunisia. Relying on extensive fieldwork, the research explores the interplay between international and national actors and presents two main arguments. First, it shows that although Western states officially remained allies of Ben Ali until the end of his regime (1987-2011), democracy promoters and international actors supported interactions and connections among Tunisian individuals with critical views of Ben Ali. These activities fostered the emergence of alternative centres of power and would-be political coalitions, which eventually weakened the internal and external legitimacy of the Ben Ali regime. Second, the book argues that between 2011 and 2021 international assistance helped Tunisian transitional elites to build a procedural democracy. Yet foreign assistance and democracy promotion failed to boost more substantive aspects of democratization, indirectly contributing to the rise of popular disillusion with democracy.
