The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 came to symbolise the dawn of a new era of openness and connectivity. Yet today, the world is ever more divided, demarcated and - quite literally fortified. We are living in a guarded age.
Why and how has this happened? Where will it take us? In this book, David Betz explores the expansion of fortified physical infrastructure at every level of the global political economy. In cities, where security is increasingly -designed in- to public buildings and spaces as they are reshaped to mitigate mass terror attacks. Within corporations, who are burying their electronic assets in deep underground caverns and behind the leaded walls of ex-nuclear war bunkers against a range of threats and feared contingencies. In many urban areas, where the default condition of civil life is walled, gated, watched, and guarded. Year after year hundreds of miles of linear obstacles-walls, ditches, and watchtowers-are added to national borders. Practically everywh
