Assessing different materials in various fields is necessary to move on a sustainable path. In this regard, imaging is a nondestructive technology with high speed, accuracy, reliability, repeatability, and low cost and complexity that is widely used in different sectors. The technology receives different ranges of wavelengths through electromagnetic spectra emitted from objects, and then provides and records the corresponding images. Machine vision systems by applying image processing operation are developed to process the acquired images for assessing the internal and external properties of objects via extracting color, textural, and morphological features of the images and then analyzing them by applying different artificial intelligence or statistical prediction methods. Imaging technology includes different techniques such as visible and non-visible systems. Visible imaging technology that is widely used for assessing and conducting subsequent operations such as automatic sorting and grading objects, instead of human labor. Nonvisible imaging such as thermal, near-infrared hyperspectral, magnetic resonance, and ultrasound imaging are techniques that work beyond the human eye. This ability expands the applications of imaging technology in different sectors such as agriculture and medicine. The goal of this book is to briefly discuss the current applications and future trends of different imaging techniques in different fields. This book provides useful information about different imaging techniques and their applications for students, researchers, and companies to use and develop the technology for assessing different objects of interest.
