For much of recorded history, China was a leading science and technology power. But just as the West rose, China turned in on itself, and missed the Industrial Revolution. The result was the -Hundred Years of Humiliation-, and a long struggle for a modern, yet distinctly Chinese, civilisational identity. Today, technological innovation has returned to the core of national pride and ambition.Since the 1980s, reforms have transformed China into the world-s second largest economy and a major global power. Cyber space and other advanced technologies have become a battleground for international dominance; but today-s world relies on global supply chains and interstate collaboration-at least, for now. Growing tension between the USA and China could result in the two superpowers decoupling their technology-with significant consequences for humanity-s future.The Great Decoupling shows that this technology contest, and how it plays out, will shape the geopolitics of the twenty-first century.