This book presents a comprehensive framework for environmental protection and governance by establishing four interconnected foundational pillars: environmental components, rights, obligations, and principles. Together, these pillars address what must be protected, what legal entitlements exist, what actions are required, and what concepts guide environmental decision-making to effectively tackle climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, resource depletion, and other ecological challenges. Through comparative analysis and real-life case studies from developed and developing countries the book shows how Environmental Impact Assessments and Strategic Environmental Assessments serve as practical tools to operationalize and enforce these pillars and the right to environment at every stage, from policy formulation to project planning, implementation, and monitoring. FeaturesTraces the evolution of environmental law through four periods: the incidental period (1815-1900), the formative period (1900-1972), the modern era (1972-2022), and the present enlightened period. Explains the right to environment as a comprehensive legal foundation that unifies four pillars into a single coherent right at international, regional, national, and sub-national governance levels. Delineates environmental assessment as a legal concept that gives both the pillars and the right practical meaning and institutional force. Builds on scholarly and judicial definitions of the right to environment and analyzes its five core components – substantive, procedural, universal, intertemporal, and assessment. Examines procedural and substantive components of EIA and SEA through detailed case studies. Analyzes synergy between EIA and SEA in creating tiered assessment systems for comprehensive environmental protection. Identifies gaps and limitations in current operationalization while proposing strengthened mechanisms for effective environmental enforcement. Demonstrates integration of environmental principles including precautionary approach, polluter pays principle, environmental justice, stakeholder involvement, intergenerational equity, and transboundary cooperation into assessment processes. It is written for professionals and decision-makers, government officials, international organizations, NGOs, environmental consultants, and civil society advocates who engage with environmental assessment and rights-based environmental protection. As well as academics, researchers, and postgraduate students working in environmental law, international law, human rights law, and environmental policy and governance.
